Ofesi ya National Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters inalengeza mwalamulo pa July 1 kuti dziko langa lalowa m’nyengo yaikulu ya kusefukira kwa madzi m’njira zonse, kuthetsa kusefukira kwa madzi ndi kuthetsa chilala m’malo osiyanasiyana zalowa m’malo ovuta, ndipo zipangizo zothanirana ndi kusefukira kwa madzi. alowa mu chikhalidwe cha "chenjezo" nthawi yomweyo.
Poyerekeza zida zowongolera kusefukira zomwe zidalengezedwa m'zaka zapitazi, zitha kuwoneka kuti matumba oluka, geotextiles, anti-filter materials, mitengo yamatabwa, mawaya achitsulo, mapampu a submersible, ndi zina zotero akadali mamembala akuluakulu a zipangizo zoyendetsera madzi osefukira.Chosiyana ndi zaka zapitazo ndi chakuti chaka chino, chiwerengero cha geotextiles muzinthu zowononga madzi osefukira chafika pa 45%, chomwe chiri chapamwamba kwambiri m'zaka zapitazi, ndipo chakhala "mthandizi watsopano" wofunikira kwambiri pakuwongolera kusefukira kwa madzi ndi ntchito yothandizira chilala. .
M'malo mwake, kuwonjezera pakuchita gawo lofunikira pakuwongolera kusefukira kwamadzi, m'zaka zaposachedwa, zida za geotextile zagwiritsidwanso ntchito bwino m'misewu yayikulu, njanji, malo osungira madzi, ulimi, milatho, madoko, uinjiniya wa chilengedwe, mphamvu zamafakitale ndi ntchito zina. kwambiri katundu.Bungwe la Freedonia Group, lodziwika bwino loyang'anira msika ku United States, likulosera kuti chifukwa cha kufunikira kwa misewu padziko lonse lapansi, zomangamanga komanso kuteteza chilengedwe, komanso kukula kwa madera ena ogwiritsira ntchito, kufunika kwa dziko lonse lapansi kwa geosynthetics kudzafika. 5.2 biliyoni masikweya mita mu 2017. Ku China, India, Russia ndi malo ena, chiwerengero chachikulu cha zomangamanga chikukonzekera ndipo chidzamangidwa pambuyo pa chimzake.Kuphatikizidwa ndi kusinthika kwa malamulo oteteza chilengedwe komanso malamulo omanga nyumba, misika yomwe ikubwerayi ikuyembekezeka kukula pang'onopang'ono munthawi yotsatira.Mwa iwo, kufunikira kwa China Kukula kukuyembekezeka kuwerengera theka lazofunikira padziko lonse lapansi.Mayiko otukuka alinso ndi mwayi woti achuluke.Ku North America, mwachitsanzo, kukula kumayendetsedwa makamaka ndi malamulo atsopano omanga ndi malamulo a chilengedwe, ndipo kukufanana ndi Western Europe ndi Japan.
Malinga ndi lipoti la kafukufuku wa kampani yofufuza za msika Transparency Market Research, msika wapadziko lonse wa geotextiles udzapitirira kukula pa chaka cha 10.3% pazaka 4 zikubwerazi, ndipo mu 2018, mtengo wamsika udzakwera kufika pa madola 600 miliyoni a US;Kufunika kwa ma geotextiles kudzakwera kufika pa 3.398 biliyoni masikweya mita mu 2018, ndipo chiwonjezeko chapachaka chizikhalabe pa 8.6% panthawiyi.Chiyembekezo cha chitukuko chikhoza kufotokozedwa kuti "chachikulu".
Padziko Lonse: Duwa lothandizira "limaphuka paliponse"
Monga dziko lomwe limagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri ma geotextiles padziko lonse lapansi, United States pakadali pano ili ndi makampani pafupifupi 50 opanga ma geosynthetics pamsika.Mu 2013, dziko la United States lidakhazikitsa lamulo la MAP-21 Transportation Act, lomwe lingakwaniritse zofunikira zaukadaulo pakumanga zomangamanga zamayendedwe ndi kasamalidwe ka malo.Malinga ndi Lamuloli, boma lipereka ndalama zokwana 105 biliyoni za US kuti zithandizire kukonza zoyendera pansi ku United States.Bambo Ramkumar Sheshadri, pulofesa woyendera wa American Nonwovens Industry Association, adanena kuti ngakhale ndondomeko ya msewu waukulu wa boma la federal idzakhudza msika wapamsewu mu September 2014 sichidziwikabe, koma ndizotsimikizika kuti msika wa geosynthetics wa US udzakhala wopambana. kumsika.Mu 2014, idafikira kukula kwa 40%.Bambo Ramkumar Sheshadri ananenanso kuti mu 5 kwa zaka 7, US geosynthetics msika akhoza kupanga malonda a 3 miliyoni kuti 3.5 miliyoni US madola.
M'chigawo cha Arabu, kupanga misewu ndi uinjiniya wowongolera kukokoloka kwa nthaka ndi magawo awiri akulu kwambiri ogwiritsira ntchito geotextiles, ndipo kufunikira kwa ma geotextiles pakuwongolera kukokoloka kwa nthaka kukuyembekezeka kukula pachaka cha 7.9%.Lipoti latsopano la chaka chino la "Geotextiles and Geogrids Development in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) ndi Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)" linanena kuti pakuwonjezeka kwa ntchito zomanga, msika wa geotextiles ku UAE ndi GCC udzafika pa 101 miliyoni. Madola aku US, ndipo akuyembekezeka kupitilira 200 miliyoni US dollars pofika 2019;kutengera kuchuluka kwake, kuchuluka kwa zida za geotechnical zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu 2019 zifika pa 86.8 miliyoni masikweya mita.
Panthawi imodzimodziyo, boma la India likukonzekera kumanga msewu waukulu wamtunda wa makilomita 20, zomwe zidzalimbikitsa boma kuti ligwiritse ntchito ndalama zokwana 2.5 biliyoni muzinthu zamakampani a geotechnical;maboma a Brazil ndi Russia alengezanso posachedwapa kuti adzamanga misewu yotakata, yomwe idzakhala yothandiza kwambiri pazinthu za geotechnical za mafakitale.Kufunika kwa zinthu kudzawonetsa njira yopita patsogolo;Kukonzanso kwa zomangamanga ku China kuli pachimake mu 2014.
Zapakhomo: “thumba la madengu” la mavuto osathetsedwa
Pansi pa kukwezedwa kwa ndondomeko, zinthu za dziko lathu za geosynthetics zili kale ndi maziko ena, koma pali "matumba a mavuto aakulu ndi ang'onoang'ono" monga kubwereza mobwerezabwereza, kusowa chidwi pa chitukuko cha mankhwala ndi kafukufuku wamsika wamkati ndi kunja.
Wang Ran, pulofesa ku Sukulu ya Sayansi ndi Umisiri wa Nanjing University, adawonetsa poyankhulana kuti chitukuko cha mafakitale a geotextile sichingasiyanitsidwe ndi chitsogozo cha boma ndi kukwezedwa.Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, luso lonse la makampani akadali pa siteji yotsika.Mwachitsanzo, makampani opanga ma geotextile m'mayiko otukuka monga Japan ndi United States adzayika ndalama zambiri zogwirira ntchito ndi zinthu zakuthupi popanga uinjiniya ndi kuyesa koyambira kwanyengo, ndikuchita kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi momwe chilengedwe chamlengalenga chimakhudzira zinthu ndi chilengedwe. zotsatira zoyipa za chilengedwe cha m'madzi pazinthu.Ntchitoyi yapereka zitsimikizo zoyambira zofufuzira kuti zipititse patsogolo luso komanso luso lazogulitsa zomwe zikubwera, koma dziko langa lili ndi kafukufuku wochepa komanso ndalama zambiri m'derali.Komanso, khalidwe la mankhwala ochiritsira akufunikabe kuwongolera, ndipo pali malo ambiri oti apititse patsogolo luso la processing.
Kuphatikiza pa hardware si "zovuta" zokwanira, chithandizo cha mapulogalamu sichinapitirire.Mwachitsanzo, kusowa kwa miyezo ndi chimodzi mwazovuta kwambiri pakukula kwa mafakitale a geotextile mdziko langa.Mayiko akunja akhazikitsa dongosolo lokwanira, lokwanira komanso logawikana molingana ndi zida zosiyanasiyana zopangira, malo ogwiritsira ntchito, ntchito, njira zopangira, ndi zina zambiri, ndipo akusinthidwa ndikuwunikiridwabe.Poyerekeza, dziko langa likutsalira kwambiri pankhaniyi.Miyezo yomwe yakhazikitsidwa pano imaphatikizapo magawo atatu: mawonekedwe aukadaulo, milingo yazinthu ndi mayeso.Miyezo yoyesera ya geosynthetics yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito imapangidwa makamaka potengera miyezo ya ISO ndi ASTM.
Zomwe zilipo: "Kulankhulana mwachangu" pomanga geotechnical
Kukulitsa sikovuta.Malinga ndi kafukufuku wopangidwa ndi China Industrial Textiles Industry Association, dziko langa la geotechnical likuyang'anizana ndi malo abwino akunja: choyamba, boma likupitiriza kuonjezera ndalama zogwirira ntchito zoyendera, komanso ndalama zosungiramo madzi zakula pang'onopang'ono, kupereka makasitomala okhazikika pamakampani. ;chachiwiri, Kampaniyo imayang'ana mwachangu msika waumisiri wachilengedwe, ndipo madongosolo akampani amakhala odzaza chaka chonse.Makampani oteteza zachilengedwe asanduka malo atsopano opangira zida za geotechnical.Chachitatu, ndi kukula kwa ntchito za uinjiniya zamayiko akunja, zida zaukadaulo za dziko langa zapita kunja kukathandizira ntchito zazikulu zambiri.
Zhang Hualin, manejala wamkulu wa Yangtze River Estuary Waterway Construction Co., Ltd., akukhulupirira kuti ma geotextiles ali ndi chiyembekezo chamsika wamsika mdziko langa, ndipo amawonedwa ngati msika waukulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.Zhang Hualin adanenanso kuti zida za geosynthetic zimaphatikizapo zomangamanga, kusungira madzi, nsalu ndi madera ena, ndi mafakitale osiyanasiyana ayenera kupitiriza kulankhulana nthawi zonse, kuonjezera kukula kwachitukuko chogwirizana cha zinthu za geosynthetic, ndikupanga mapangidwe ndi chitukuko cha mafakitale osiyanasiyana. utumiki.Nthawi yomweyo, opanga ma geotextile osalukidwa akuyenera kukulitsa chitukuko cha mapulojekiti ogwirizana nawo, ndikupereka zida zofananira zamakampani ogula m'munsi mwa mgwirizano ndi makampani akumtunda, kuti zogulitsa zizigwiritsidwa ntchito bwino pama projekiti.
Kuphatikiza apo, kuyezetsa koyenera ndikuwunika momwe zinthu zilili komanso uinjiniya wabwino, komanso ndi udindo wa katundu wa anthu.Kuyang'ana mtundu wa projekiti ndikuwonetsetsa kuti chitetezo cha zomangamanga ndi gawo lofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito uinjiniya.Pambuyo pakuyesa kwazaka zambiri, zapezeka kuti zogulitsa ndi uinjiniya wa geosynthetics zitha kumveka kudzera mu kuyezetsa kwa labotale kapena kuyezetsa m'munda wa geosynthetics, ndiyeno magawo oyenerera amatha kuzindikirika.Zizindikiro zodziwikiratu za geosynthetics nthawi zambiri zimagawika m'mawonekedwe akuthupi, zowonetsa zamakina, zowonetsa ma hydraulic performance, zowonetsa kulimba kwa magwiridwe antchito, ndi zizindikiro zolumikizana pakati pa geosynthetics ndi nthaka.Pogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri ma geotextiles pomanga uinjiniya komanso kugwiritsa ntchito njira zapamwamba zoyesera, miyezo yoyesera ya dziko langa iyeneranso kukonzedwa mosalekeza.
Kodi zolumikizira kumtunda ndi kumunsi zakonzeka?
Enterprise akuti
Nkhawa za ogwiritsa ntchito pakukweza zinthu zabwino
M'mapulojekiti akunja akunja, kuchuluka kwa nsalu zamafakitale kumafika 50%, pomwe gawo lapakhomo pano ndi 16% mpaka 17%.Kusiyana kodziwikiratu kukuwonetsanso danga lalikulu lachitukuko ku China.Komabe, kusankha kwa zida zapakhomo kapena zida zotumizidwa kunja nthawi zonse kwapangitsa kuti mabizinesi ambiri azigawo.
Timavomereza kuti pachiyambi, pamene tikukumana ndi kukayikira za kuthekera kwa zipangizo zapakhomo ndi makampani ogulitsa mafakitale, zinalidi "zabodza", koma chifukwa cha kukayikira kumeneku timakhala bwino, ndipo tsopano sikuti mtengo wa zipangizo uli ndi mtengo wokwanira. ndi 1/3 ya zida zotumizidwa kunja, mtundu wa nsalu zolemetsa zomwe zimapangidwa ndipafupi kapena zabwino kuposa zamayiko akunja.Sitingatsutse kuti ngakhale dziko lathu likutsalira pang'ono pa chitukuko cha zinthu zabwino, mlingo wapakhomo wafika pamtundu woyamba wa nsalu za mafakitale.
Shijiazhuang Textile Machinery Co., Ltd., monga malo opangira zida zapadera zopangira nsalu zamakampani ku China, makamaka imapanga zoluka za polyester mauna ambiri, lamba wamitundu ingapo wopangira migodi yamafakitale, ndi zoulukira zazikulu kwambiri za geotextile.Masiku ano, kampaniyo imayesetsa kumanga bizinesi yokhayo yopangira nsalu zitatu ku China mothandizidwa ndi GCMT2500 spiral umbrella CNC machining center ndi lathyathyathya-njira zitatu nsalu zomwe zikupangidwa ndi kuyesedwa, potero zimalowa m'makampani ankhondo. zomwe zimathandizira pantchito zachitetezo cha dziko langa.
Ngakhale mtanda wa zida kupanga kampani si lalikulu, zosiyanasiyana ndi wolemera, ndipo akhoza makonda kwa mafakitale osiyanasiyana.Zida zopangidwa ndi zathu zimathanso kukhala zokhazikika bwino, ndikugonjetsa vuto la kulephera kuyimitsa nthawi iliyonse, kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha zolakwika mu mapira.Pakati pawo, nsalu yotchinga ya njira zitatu sizimangowonjezera mphamvu ya mankhwala, komanso Mphamvu za warp ndi weft za mankhwalawa zimawonjezeka nthawi yomweyo.□ Hou Jianming (Wachiwiri kwa General Manager wa Shijiazhuang Textile Machinery Co., Ltd.)
Kutsika kwa teknoloji sikungathe kunyalanyazidwa
ma geotextiles a dziko langa adzapitiriza kukula ndi manambala awiri m’zaka 15 zikubwerazi, kuphatikizapo kumanga malo osungira madzi, ntchito zotumiza madzi kuchokera ku South-to-North, komanso mapulojekiti monga madoko, mitsinje, nyanja ndi nyanja, ndi kuwongolera mchenga.Ndalamazo zikuyembekezeka kufika thililiyoni imodzi.
Kutengera chitsanzo cha Yangtze River Estuary Waterway Project, projekiti yonse ya Yangtze River Estuary Waterway ikufunika masikweya mita 30 miliyoni a geotextiles.Gawo loyamba la polojekitiyi ndi ndalama zokwana 3.25 biliyoni zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kale ndi 7 miliyoni lalikulu mamita a geotextiles osiyanasiyana.Kutengera momwe zinthu zimayendera, mabizinesi opitilira 230 opanga ma geotextile ndi mizere yopitilira 300 yatulukira m'dziko lonselo, ndi mphamvu yopanga pachaka yopitilira 500 miliyoni masikweya mita, yomwe ingakwaniritse zofunikira zina m'mbali zonse.Kumbali imodzi, ndi mwayi wokopa msika, ndipo kumbali ina, ndi chitsimikizo chokonzekera.Monga mtundu watsopano wazinthu zomangira zomwe zili ndi mphamvu zolimba komanso zogwira ntchito m'mafakitale angapo, ma geotextiles ndiofunika kwambiri mdziko langa masiku ano pakukulitsa zofunikira zapakhomo ndikuwonjezera zomangamanga.tanthauzo lenileni.
Komabe, pakali pano, geomaterials dziko lakwathu sanali nsalu akadali ndi vuto limodzi mankhwala zosiyanasiyana ndi mosagwirizana kotunga, ndi zina zapadera zipangizo alibe kafukufuku ndi kupanga.M'mapulojekiti ofunika kwambiri, chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mitundu kapena khalidwe loipa, ndikofunikirabe kuitanitsa ma geotextiles ambiri apamwamba kuchokera kunja.Kuphatikiza apo, opanga zida zambiri za fiber ndi opanga ma geotextile amakhala ndi njira yofananira komanso yodziyimira payokha, yomwe imachepetsa kwambiri kukula ndi phindu la ma geotextiles.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, momwe mungasinthire ubwino wa polojekiti yonse ndikuchepetsa ndalama zambiri zokonzetsera m'nthawi yamtsogolo ndi nkhani yomwe siingakhoze kunyalanyazidwa.M'malingaliro anga, kugwiritsidwa ntchito komaliza kwa geotextiles kumafunikira mgwirizano wabwino pakati pamakampani onse, komanso kupanga kulumikizana kuchokera kuzinthu zopangira, zida kupita kuzinthu zomaliza zitha kubweretsa yankho lathunthu pamakampaniwa.□ Zhang Hualin (General Manager wa Shandong Tianhai New Material Engineering Co., Ltd.)
Akatswiri amati
Zida zapadera zimadzaza kusiyana kwapakhomo
Kutengera chitsanzo cha Shijiazhuang Textile Machinery Company, paulendo wochezera malo, tidawona nsalu yapadera yoluka ikugwira ntchito.M'lifupi mwake ndi kuposa mamita 15, m'lifupi mwa nsalu ndi mamita 12.8, kulowetsedwa kwa weft ndi 900 rpm, ndi kumenya mphamvu ndi matani atatu./ m, ikhoza kukhala ndi mafelemu 16 mpaka 24 ochiritsidwa, kachulukidwe ka weft akhoza kuwonjezereka kapena kuchepetsedwa kuchokera ku 1200 / 10cm.Choluka chachikulu choterechi ndinso makina ophatikizira ma mesh rapier loom, magetsi, gasi, madzi ndi kuwala.Ndi nthawi yoyamba kwa ife kuziwona ndi kusangalala kwambiri.Zida zapaderazi sizimangodzaza kusiyana kwapakhomo, komanso zimatumiza kunja kunja.
Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti mabizinesi opanga asankhe njira yoyenera yopangira.Muyenera kuchita zonse zomwe mungathe malinga ndi momwe mulili, yesetsani kuchita zonse zomwe mungathe, ndipo mutenge maudindo anu mwanzeru.Kuti muyendetse bwino fakitale, chinsinsi sichikhala ndi antchito ambiri, koma kukhala ndi gulu logwirizana kwambiri komanso logwirizana.□ Wu Yongsheng (Mlangizi Wamkulu wa China Textile Machinery Industry Association)
Zolemba zokhazikika ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa
M'zaka 10 zikubwerazi kapena kuposerapo m'dziko langa, padzakhala ntchito zambiri zomanga zomangamanga, ndipo kufunikira kwa ma geotextiles kudzawonjezekanso.Ntchito yomanga zomangamanga ili ndi msika waukulu kwambiri, ndipo China idzakhala msika waukulu kwambiri wotsatsa wa geosynthetics padziko lapansi.
Ma geotextiles ndi zinthu zomwe zimagwirizana ndi chilengedwe.Kudzutsidwa kwadziko lonse kwa chidziwitso cha chilengedwe kwawonjezera kufunika kwa geomembranes ndi zipangizo zina zopangira mafakitale, chifukwa kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizozi sikukhudza kwambiri chilengedwe ndipo sikuwononga kwambiri chilengedwe cha dziko lapansi.Madipatimenti oyenerera amawona kufunikira kwakukulu pakugwiritsa ntchito ndi kukonza zida za geosynthetic.Boma lidzawononga ndalama zokwana 720 biliyoni kuti limalize kumanga zinyumba zazikulu zisanu ndi chimodzi mkati mwa zaka zitatu.Nthawi yomweyo, milingo yazogulitsa, kapangidwe kake koyesa, ndi luso la zomangamanga la zida za geosynthetic ziyeneranso kutsatiridwa motsatizana.Mawu oyamba atha kupanga mikhalidwe yabwino pakukula ndi kugwiritsa ntchito geosynthetics.□ Zhang Ming (Pulofesa, Sukulu ya Sayansi ndi Umisiri, Yunivesite ya Tianjin)
Global Trends
Ma geotextiles amisewu yayikulu ndi njanji amatenganso msewu wa "luntha"
Mtsogoleri wapadziko lonse mu geotextiles, Royal Dutch TenCate, posachedwapa adalengeza za chitukuko cha TenCate Mirafi RS280i, geotextile yanzeru yolimbikitsa misewu ndi njanji.Zogulitsazo zimaphatikiza ma modulus apamwamba, okhazikika a dielectric, kupatukana komanso kulumikizana kwabwino kwambiri, ndipo tsopano alowa munthawi yowunikira patent.TenCate Mirafi RS280i ndi chachitatu komanso chomaliza pamndandanda wazogulitsa wa TenCate wa RSi.Zina ziwiri ndi TenCate Mirafi RS580i ndi TenCate Mirafi RS380i.Zakale zimakhala ndi uinjiniya wapamwamba komanso mphamvu zambiri, ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pakulimbitsa zoyambira komanso zofewa.Wamphamvu, ndi mkulu permeability madzi ndi nthaka kugwira madzi mphamvu;yotsirizirayi ndi yopepuka kuposa RS580i ndipo ndi njira yothetsera ndalama kumadera omwe ali ndi zofunikira zochepa zolimbitsa misewu.
Kuphatikiza apo, "Vertical Sand Resistant Geotextile" yopangidwa ndi Tencate idapambana "Mphotho ya Water Innovation Award 2013", yomwe imawonedwa ngati lingaliro losayerekezeka, makamaka loyenera malo apadera a Netherlands.Vertical sand fixation geotextiles ndi njira yabwino yothetsera kupanga ma ducts.Mfundo yaikulu ndi yakuti fyuluta ya nsalu imalola madzi kudutsa, osati mchenga.Gwiritsani ntchito zotchinga za geotextiles kupanga mipope pa polder, kuti mutsimikizire kuti mchenga ndi dothi zikukhalabe pansi pa mphangayo kupewa kuphulika.Malinga ndi malipoti, yankho ili limachokera ku Tencate's Geotube geotube bag system.Kuphatikiza izi ndi Tencate's GeoDetect sensing tekinoloje imalonjeza kukhala yotsika mtengo kwinaku mukukweza levee.TenCate GeoDetect R ndiye njira yoyamba yanzeru padziko lonse lapansi ya geotextile.Dongosololi limatha kupereka machenjezo oyambilira za mapindidwe a nthaka.
Kugwiritsa ntchito kuwala kwa fiber ku geotextiles kumathanso kuwapatsa ntchito zina zapadera.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-22-2022